Challenges of female civil servants in Nigeria with a particular focus on Anambra state Civil service.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

One major instrument through which the policies and programmes of government can be effectively formulated and efficiently implemented is the civil service. It is seen as the most significant administrative hub centre that occupies an essential position in the political system of any nation. The roles played by civil servants in nations building and of course in the continuity of any government has continued to justify its relevance in the government of any nation. This is no doubt why it is widely acknowledged as the “engine room” or “live wire” of any government.

The term civil service is also used when referring to the body of men and women employed in a civil capacity and non-political career basis by the Federal and state governments primarily to render and faithfully give effect to their decisions and implementation (Ipinlaiye, 2011).Such career officers normally derive their appointments from the civil service commission, which also exercises power of delegating duties and responsibilities to departments in accordance with laid down rules.

 Abah (2011), conceptualize civil service as the body of government officials who are employed in civil capacity to fulfil government policies and programmes. This is little wonder Obikeze and Obi (2004) quoting Adamolebun (1983) have seen it as the body of permanent officials appointed to assist the political executives in formulating and implementing governmental policies.

            Civil service in Nigeria is an administrative institution composed of well trained, skilled and permanent body of professional class of officials (men and women) who are employed to assist the political executives in the formulation and implementation of well-articulated policies and programmes as well as facilitate the delivery of public goods and services to the generality of the citizenry. The functions of civil servants are complex and indispensable and they include the following: programme planning, policy formulation, drafting of bills, policy implementation, budget preparation, law making, production of tangible goods, and advising the government of the day (Abah, 2011). On the other hand, the effective and efficient discharge of the above functions is significantly determined by a number of guiding principles or features which enable better delivery of services. These features according to Abah (2011) and Adebayo (1986) include anonymity, political neutrality, impartiality, permanence, monarchy, meritocracy, well established procedures of work, and expertise.                         

The Civil Service is the administrative hub centre that occupies an essential position in the political system of any nation. Today, the civil service has come to be regarded as modern institution bequeathed to mankind in the process of revolutionizing an efficient way of organizing any large human organization. The civil service can also be seen as a complex organization with a body of seemingly permanent officials appointed in a capacity to assist the political executives in the formulation, execution and implementation of government policies in Ministries and Extra-Ministerial Departments within which the specific government works are carried out.

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